by Patricia M Hines
The English language classifies words based on parts of speech. Parts of speech explain not the definition of the word, but how the word is used. Words can be classified as different parts of speech in different sentences.
The most common parts of speech that people think of first are the noun, the verb, the adjective and the adverb. However there are 4 more parts of speech in our language. They are pronoun, preposition, the conjunction and the interjection.
I will give examples and the proper usage of each part of speech:
The Noun:
The noun is defined as the name of a person, place, thing, or idea. There are Proper Nouns and Common Nouns. Proper nouns name a specific person, place or thing and is usually capitalized. Examples of Proper Nouns are: Mrs. Smith, The Rose Garden, or Washington High School. Common nouns are the names of general items and are not capitalized unless they are the first word in a Sentence. Examples are school, house, child, girl, store and so forth.
The Verb:
Verbs provide the action in sentences. They tell what the nouns are doing. The easiest and most common verbs are the action verbs. The girl (noun) danced (verb). There are other forms of verbs that are beyond the scope of this article.
The Adjective:
The adjectives job is to describe the noun. Adjectives are usually pretty close to the noun so they are quite easy to find. Examples are: red rose (red is the adjective that describes the noun-rose), pretty vase (pretty is the adjective that describes the noun-vase)
The Adverb:
The adverbs job is to modify the verb. They are often difficult to find. Adverbs tell us where, when, how, why, to what extent, and under what conditions something happens. Examples are: I can see clearly now. (Answers the question how do I see) The lady quickly made the dress. (Answers the question when she made the dress-Verb is made and quickly is the adverb).
Almost every sentence in our language uses these four parts of speech.
The pronoun:
Pronouns stand in for nouns. In place of the girl you may use the pronoun she. He can be used in place of Mr. Smith. There are many types of pronouns.
Prepositions:
A preposition links nouns, pronouns and phrases to other words in a sentence.
Conjunctions:
Conjunctions can be used to link words, phrases and clauses.
Interjections:
An interjection is a word added to a sentence to convey emotion; it is usually followed by an exclamation mark.
The parts of speech are the noun, verb, adverb and adjective. Followed by the pronoun, preposition, conjunction, and injection.
Patricia M. Hines invites you to visit her blog at http://luckyandhappyblog.com. To read more information about dealing with negative people http://luckyandhappyblog.com/2011/02/09/deal-difficult-people-tactfully/.
Monday, February 28, 2011
College English Composition Explains The Writing Process And Students Benefit
by Natasha Bright
English Composition courses are essential for students to master early on in their college career. It is the foundation for their academic and professional lives, believe it or not. This course will teach students to think critically and write effectively and these skills are necessary for any career one chooses to follow.
A composition course will discuss the mechanics of the writing process and the different forms of writing one can choose to present information in. Here I will discuss the basic outline for what the writing process is, which includes: Brainstorming, Drafting, and Revising and Editing, which generally overlap in one way or another until the final product is presented.
Brainstorming is the prewriting stage of the writing process in which students begin to develop preliminary ideas. This is the phase in which students will answer questions such as what are they trying to communicate and who are they trying to communicate to. This phase will help students elucidate those issues and teachers will equip them with the necessary tools to do so. Tools, such as outlining or clustering, and elements, such as research, are usually addressed in this stage.
The next phase maintains that students will actually begin drafting or writing their paper. This will be a culmination of all of the student's ideas and research into well-written cohesive statements. A clear and specific thesis should be developed by this point and it will almost always be found in the first paragraph of your paper. Students will come back to this phase many times in order to improve upon what was originally written.
Once you've completed the backbone of your paper - the drafting - you can continue on with revising what you've written thus far. Students will focus on ensuring they've clearly identified their thesis and that it correlates to the body of the work. Students will also have to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses in their argument in order to repurpose, and if necessary expand upon the information presented. This phase is strictly about structuring an argument in order to produce the most effective written product possible given the time allowed.
Editing follows the revision process and this stage is all about the particulars of producing an error-free product. Sentence structure, word choices, grammar and other mechanical issues will be addressed in this stage, all in the hopes of building a stronger piece of writing.
As previously mentioned, one will often find these stages intersecting and overlapping each other in one way or another. It is often said of the writing process that one could continually improve upon a product if it weren't for deadlines. What you'll want to especially look for is continuity throughout your piece. Carry the idea through that you've presented in your opening paragraph, with a relevant conclusion at the end.
The writing stage is just one thing you'll learn while taking this course as you produce and evaluate English compositions - in the form of literature and student and professional writing. You've done writing for applications for college scholarships and grants, now take the class that prepares you for the writing you'll do for the rest of your life.
English Composition courses are essential for students to master early on in their college career. It is the foundation for their academic and professional lives, believe it or not. This course will teach students to think critically and write effectively and these skills are necessary for any career one chooses to follow.
A composition course will discuss the mechanics of the writing process and the different forms of writing one can choose to present information in. Here I will discuss the basic outline for what the writing process is, which includes: Brainstorming, Drafting, and Revising and Editing, which generally overlap in one way or another until the final product is presented.
Brainstorming is the prewriting stage of the writing process in which students begin to develop preliminary ideas. This is the phase in which students will answer questions such as what are they trying to communicate and who are they trying to communicate to. This phase will help students elucidate those issues and teachers will equip them with the necessary tools to do so. Tools, such as outlining or clustering, and elements, such as research, are usually addressed in this stage.
The next phase maintains that students will actually begin drafting or writing their paper. This will be a culmination of all of the student's ideas and research into well-written cohesive statements. A clear and specific thesis should be developed by this point and it will almost always be found in the first paragraph of your paper. Students will come back to this phase many times in order to improve upon what was originally written.
Once you've completed the backbone of your paper - the drafting - you can continue on with revising what you've written thus far. Students will focus on ensuring they've clearly identified their thesis and that it correlates to the body of the work. Students will also have to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses in their argument in order to repurpose, and if necessary expand upon the information presented. This phase is strictly about structuring an argument in order to produce the most effective written product possible given the time allowed.
Editing follows the revision process and this stage is all about the particulars of producing an error-free product. Sentence structure, word choices, grammar and other mechanical issues will be addressed in this stage, all in the hopes of building a stronger piece of writing.
As previously mentioned, one will often find these stages intersecting and overlapping each other in one way or another. It is often said of the writing process that one could continually improve upon a product if it weren't for deadlines. What you'll want to especially look for is continuity throughout your piece. Carry the idea through that you've presented in your opening paragraph, with a relevant conclusion at the end.
The writing stage is just one thing you'll learn while taking this course as you produce and evaluate English compositions - in the form of literature and student and professional writing. You've done writing for applications for college scholarships and grants, now take the class that prepares you for the writing you'll do for the rest of your life.
Monday, February 21, 2011
Top Five Business Writing Principles by Dr. Sandra Folk
If you ever read To Kill A Mockingbird (or saw the movie for that matter) when you were in school, you may be as shocked as I was to learn that the book is sometimes "deshelved" in school libraries. The reason: some people object to its use of language.
I read about this absurd example of censorship the other day in a national newspaper article. The article describes the trial, which took place in 1960, regarding whether or not Penguin books was guilty of publishing obscenity when they released D. H. Lawrence's Lady Chatterley's Lover.
It's amazing, isn't it, that language and the words we use are powerful enough to trigger lawsuits. And today, fifty years after that trial, the controversy over language still flourishes. In fact, according to the newspaper article, last year in the U.S., around 400 books were officially challenged - and the numbers are rising.
What's even more shocking, some times books aren't just banned, they're burned. Among them, is a book by one of our great Canadian authors, Rohinton Mistry. Not only was his book, Such A Long Journey, recently banned by Mumbai University, copies of it were burned on campus! Although the reasons for this extreme reaction are political and complex, objection to the use of profanity was among them.
It may seem difficult to fathom this extreme response to Mistry's writing, given the amount of profanity that's visible (and audible!) daily, in our society. But what's deemed inappropriate or immoral not only changes over time, it also depends on the prevailing social or cultural viewpoint. However, when it comes to business writing it's a whole lot more straightforward. Of course, the possibility of offending a reader still exists. But if you stick to the following Language Lab business writing blueprint, the chances of banning or burning are slim.
Be Aware: The Language Lab's Top Five Business Writing Principles:
1. Be aware of your audience. Chances are it's a client, a potential client or other professionals. Naturally your language should reflect that same professionalism.
2. Be concise. Short sentences and straightforward language will ensure your message is transmitted as clearly and quickly as possible.
3. Be correct. Use correct grammar, spelling and sentence structure that reflect your professionalism and communicate your ideas clearly.
4. Be jargon-free. Using jargon may at best confuse your reader; at worst alienate her or him.
5. Be traditional. When it comes to writing business letters, use correct business letter format. Doing so reflects your professionalism, and the professionalism of your organization.
Meanwhile, I recommend always coming back to the above five Language Lab"be aware" principles in your own business communications. That way you can rest assured you're unlikely to create a document that anyone will want to ban...let alone burn.
Dr. Sandra Folk is a Toronto-based educational consultant and award-winning university lecturer. She set up The Language Lab to help business executives and employees write and express themselves more effectively. Find out more about the programs we offer to improve the communication skills of native English speakers and ESL learners at http://thelanguagelab.ca/
I read about this absurd example of censorship the other day in a national newspaper article. The article describes the trial, which took place in 1960, regarding whether or not Penguin books was guilty of publishing obscenity when they released D. H. Lawrence's Lady Chatterley's Lover.
It's amazing, isn't it, that language and the words we use are powerful enough to trigger lawsuits. And today, fifty years after that trial, the controversy over language still flourishes. In fact, according to the newspaper article, last year in the U.S., around 400 books were officially challenged - and the numbers are rising.
What's even more shocking, some times books aren't just banned, they're burned. Among them, is a book by one of our great Canadian authors, Rohinton Mistry. Not only was his book, Such A Long Journey, recently banned by Mumbai University, copies of it were burned on campus! Although the reasons for this extreme reaction are political and complex, objection to the use of profanity was among them.
It may seem difficult to fathom this extreme response to Mistry's writing, given the amount of profanity that's visible (and audible!) daily, in our society. But what's deemed inappropriate or immoral not only changes over time, it also depends on the prevailing social or cultural viewpoint. However, when it comes to business writing it's a whole lot more straightforward. Of course, the possibility of offending a reader still exists. But if you stick to the following Language Lab business writing blueprint, the chances of banning or burning are slim.
Be Aware: The Language Lab's Top Five Business Writing Principles:
1. Be aware of your audience. Chances are it's a client, a potential client or other professionals. Naturally your language should reflect that same professionalism.
2. Be concise. Short sentences and straightforward language will ensure your message is transmitted as clearly and quickly as possible.
3. Be correct. Use correct grammar, spelling and sentence structure that reflect your professionalism and communicate your ideas clearly.
4. Be jargon-free. Using jargon may at best confuse your reader; at worst alienate her or him.
5. Be traditional. When it comes to writing business letters, use correct business letter format. Doing so reflects your professionalism, and the professionalism of your organization.
Meanwhile, I recommend always coming back to the above five Language Lab"be aware" principles in your own business communications. That way you can rest assured you're unlikely to create a document that anyone will want to ban...let alone burn.
Dr. Sandra Folk is a Toronto-based educational consultant and award-winning university lecturer. She set up The Language Lab to help business executives and employees write and express themselves more effectively. Find out more about the programs we offer to improve the communication skills of native English speakers and ESL learners at http://thelanguagelab.ca/
Business Writing - The Memorandum by Rhonda M
In business writing, the memorandum is a common document. Typically it is a short informational message sent from one person in an organization to another. In business writing, the memorandum is sent in a number of different formats: e-mail (most common), electronically formatted and published emailed document, e-mail with an attachment, or hard copy. Often, the hard copy memo is a back-up for one that has been sent electronically.
How to set up a memorandum
Memos are set up in a specific format. The document usually has four tags: To - (enter the name of the primary receiver(s) of the message here; From- (enter your name if you're the author) Subject - (no more than six words describing the memo's main point, and Date - This is usually today's date, the date the memo is being sent. An additional memo tag is "CC", which technically stands for "carbon copy" and is meant for secondary readers, those to whom the message is also of interest.
Structuring routine memos
Most business messages are informational and written with a clear and direct opening explaining the main purpose and point of the messages (this is called front-loading). The middle paragraphs or sentences, give more concrete details, developing the message, and finally, the close winds the message down, ends on a note of goodwill and requests any follow-up.
Requests
In business writing, the memorandum is also used for routine requests. These are structured with the direct query somewhere in the memo's opening. That can be uncomfortable to those who prefer to beat around the bush in the opening and are unaccustomed to asking for anything directly up front. Don't be shy; be direct. Since this request is not meant to be terribly controversial or persuasive, the expectation is that reader will be receptive to the request. The body of the memo, then, develops some contextual details, and the close winds down, often giving an end date for the request to be met and asks for additional follow-up if necessary.
Different situations
Memos can also respond to requests, describe a new procedure, or announce some major news. They can be fairly short, such as the invitation to the company picnic. Or they could take up about a screen full of type (anything longer should be sent as an attachment, since the reader's on-screen attention is fairly limited, and typically, he or she is usually busy).
Writing Style
Use plain English and simple words, and keep the tone fairly conversational, using the active voice (please not the passive!). Be sure, too, to avoid using any type of Instant Messaging abbreviations (to ensure that your document has a professional tone). Also, as with any written document, don't forget to edit and proofread your work.
Rhonda M, also known as Profrhonda teaches business communications and job search to college students and writes about different communications topics.
How to set up a memorandum
Memos are set up in a specific format. The document usually has four tags: To - (enter the name of the primary receiver(s) of the message here; From- (enter your name if you're the author) Subject - (no more than six words describing the memo's main point, and Date - This is usually today's date, the date the memo is being sent. An additional memo tag is "CC", which technically stands for "carbon copy" and is meant for secondary readers, those to whom the message is also of interest.
Structuring routine memos
Most business messages are informational and written with a clear and direct opening explaining the main purpose and point of the messages (this is called front-loading). The middle paragraphs or sentences, give more concrete details, developing the message, and finally, the close winds the message down, ends on a note of goodwill and requests any follow-up.
Requests
In business writing, the memorandum is also used for routine requests. These are structured with the direct query somewhere in the memo's opening. That can be uncomfortable to those who prefer to beat around the bush in the opening and are unaccustomed to asking for anything directly up front. Don't be shy; be direct. Since this request is not meant to be terribly controversial or persuasive, the expectation is that reader will be receptive to the request. The body of the memo, then, develops some contextual details, and the close winds down, often giving an end date for the request to be met and asks for additional follow-up if necessary.
Different situations
Memos can also respond to requests, describe a new procedure, or announce some major news. They can be fairly short, such as the invitation to the company picnic. Or they could take up about a screen full of type (anything longer should be sent as an attachment, since the reader's on-screen attention is fairly limited, and typically, he or she is usually busy).
Writing Style
Use plain English and simple words, and keep the tone fairly conversational, using the active voice (please not the passive!). Be sure, too, to avoid using any type of Instant Messaging abbreviations (to ensure that your document has a professional tone). Also, as with any written document, don't forget to edit and proofread your work.
Rhonda M, also known as Profrhonda teaches business communications and job search to college students and writes about different communications topics.
Monday, February 7, 2011
Improve Your Writing Style by Maintaining Appropriate Sentence Length
By Matt McCloud
Like a boat that contains too much cargo, a sentence that has too much information can be unwieldy. The reader may have difficulty navigating through the sentence's meaning. Consequently, he or she may be forced to read the sentence again or simply abandon the sentence altogether in hopes the author's style will become more comprehensible in subsequent sentences. Here's an example:
Like a boat that contains too much cargo, a sentence that has too much information can be unwieldy, making it difficult for the reader to navigate through the sentence's meaning, whereupon the reader may be forced to read the sentence again or simply abandon the sentence altogether in hopes the author's style will become more comprehensible in subsequent sentence, exemplified by the following: Like a boat.... Well, you get the point.
The first paragraph, consisting of three sentences, contains roughly the same number of words (66) as the single sentence that makes up the first paragraph, but the first paragraph is easier to read. Here are some common problems of sentences that are too long and their remedies:
1. Overuse of coordinate conjunctions (and, but, or) linking multiple independent clauses together. This is particularly problematic when three or more independent clauses are linked via conjunctions. If this occurs, take out the conjunction and use a period, or use a transitional phrase (e.g. therefore, however, in this manner).
2. Multiple use of prepositional asides, appositives, subordination, and coordination in a single sentence. Break up units of meaning into corresponding of sentences instead of cramming related meanings into one sentence.
3. Long lists in which the parts of the list are lengthy phrases.
In academic writing, parts of lists can often be information-heavy, containing technical terms and qualifying or context-building phrases. Items can also be numerous. A long list is sometimes better represented in a bulleted format rather than buried in the context of a lengthy sentence.
4. Lengthy phrases that interrupt the subject and the predicate. Defining information or asides that are placed between the main subject and the verb can interrupt the main idea of the sentence. An example:
"The first measure-a 12-item survey distributed to 240 participants and which contained the gift card incentive to motivate those participants to respond-had a response rate of 54 percent."
The defining information breaks up the subject-verb connection. This sentence is better off as two separate sentences.
5. Paragraphs that contain only one or two sentences. If a normal sized paragraph is composed of only one or two sentence, at least one of those sentences can probably be broken up into two or more sentences.
6. A high word count. Unless your name is William Faulkner, it is better to keep sentences between 10 and 30 words.
Sentences that are too long put the burden of comprehension on the reader's shoulders. Make it easier on your reader by breaking meaning and information into manageable, shorter sentences. And just because one should keep sentences at a manageable length does not mean all sentences should be short. Too many short sentences together can lead to a monotonous rhythm.
Matt McCloud has been helping dissertation students complete their ultimate educational goals for the last 10 years. He provides editorial, statistical, and research and design assistance. Find out more at http://apexdissertations.com/
Like a boat that contains too much cargo, a sentence that has too much information can be unwieldy. The reader may have difficulty navigating through the sentence's meaning. Consequently, he or she may be forced to read the sentence again or simply abandon the sentence altogether in hopes the author's style will become more comprehensible in subsequent sentences. Here's an example:
Like a boat that contains too much cargo, a sentence that has too much information can be unwieldy, making it difficult for the reader to navigate through the sentence's meaning, whereupon the reader may be forced to read the sentence again or simply abandon the sentence altogether in hopes the author's style will become more comprehensible in subsequent sentence, exemplified by the following: Like a boat.... Well, you get the point.
The first paragraph, consisting of three sentences, contains roughly the same number of words (66) as the single sentence that makes up the first paragraph, but the first paragraph is easier to read. Here are some common problems of sentences that are too long and their remedies:
1. Overuse of coordinate conjunctions (and, but, or) linking multiple independent clauses together. This is particularly problematic when three or more independent clauses are linked via conjunctions. If this occurs, take out the conjunction and use a period, or use a transitional phrase (e.g. therefore, however, in this manner).
2. Multiple use of prepositional asides, appositives, subordination, and coordination in a single sentence. Break up units of meaning into corresponding of sentences instead of cramming related meanings into one sentence.
3. Long lists in which the parts of the list are lengthy phrases.
In academic writing, parts of lists can often be information-heavy, containing technical terms and qualifying or context-building phrases. Items can also be numerous. A long list is sometimes better represented in a bulleted format rather than buried in the context of a lengthy sentence.
4. Lengthy phrases that interrupt the subject and the predicate. Defining information or asides that are placed between the main subject and the verb can interrupt the main idea of the sentence. An example:
"The first measure-a 12-item survey distributed to 240 participants and which contained the gift card incentive to motivate those participants to respond-had a response rate of 54 percent."
The defining information breaks up the subject-verb connection. This sentence is better off as two separate sentences.
5. Paragraphs that contain only one or two sentences. If a normal sized paragraph is composed of only one or two sentence, at least one of those sentences can probably be broken up into two or more sentences.
6. A high word count. Unless your name is William Faulkner, it is better to keep sentences between 10 and 30 words.
Sentences that are too long put the burden of comprehension on the reader's shoulders. Make it easier on your reader by breaking meaning and information into manageable, shorter sentences. And just because one should keep sentences at a manageable length does not mean all sentences should be short. Too many short sentences together can lead to a monotonous rhythm.
Matt McCloud has been helping dissertation students complete their ultimate educational goals for the last 10 years. He provides editorial, statistical, and research and design assistance. Find out more at http://apexdissertations.com/
Sentence Components by Sasi Krishna
Each sentence is made up of essentially of the components of
1. INTERROGATIVE
2. SUBJECT
3. OBJECT
4. AUXILIARY
5. VERB
6. COMPLEMENT
We will see about each component one by one:
1. INTERROGATIVE: All sentences are in the two forms that is one may ask any question and the other may tell the answer. So one sentence will always be a question or an answer. If a sentence is a question, it should have one INTERROGATIVE part in it. Interrogative utterances are expressed in the words, such as
1. WHAT
2 WHICH
3. WHO
4. WHOM
5. WHOSE
6. WHERE
7. WHEN
8. WHY
9. HOW
10. HOW MUCH
11. HOW MANY
12. HOW LONG
13. HOW FAR
INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS: In the above list of Interrogative words WHAT, WHICH, WHO, WHOM, WHOSE, WHERE, WHEN, and WHY are called interrogative pronouns.
INTERROGATIVE ADVERBS: In the above list of Interrogative words HOW, HOW MUCH, HOW MANY, HOW LONG, and HOW FAR are called Interrogative adverbs
2. SUBJECT: HE, SHE, IT, I, WE, YOU, and THEY-these words (PRONOUN) or any NOUN in a sentence especially in the beginning of the sentence form the SUBJECT part. A SUBJECT may be single in number or multiple in number, but there is only one TRUE SUBJECT. All other parts of speech in a sentence will support the subject part. A verb or an auxiliary verb will always come after the subject. All parts of speech in a sentence will focus towards this subject only and a SUBJECT is essential for a sentence.
3. OBJECT: HE, SHE, IT, I, WE, YOU, and THEY-these words (PRONOUN) or any NOUN in a sentence especially in the end of the sentence form the OBJECT part. An OBJECT may be single in number or multiple in number, but there is only one TRUE OBJECT. All other parts of speech in a sentence will support the object part. A verb or an auxiliary verb will always come before the object. All parts of speech in a sentence will target towards it. One OBJECT is essential for a sentence.
4. AUXILIARY: This is the wife of the verb. Yes, we can say AUXILIARY is the wife of the VERB. They both always must come in a sentence. They act as one unit. Even in some sentences verb or auxiliary may come separately, but in fact in those sentences the verb or auxiliary is making it quiet while the other is talking. But they act as one unit always. We can say an auxiliary is the assistant or helper of a verb. In English language, there are 15 words can act their own and act as verbs. They have the tendency to work both, as a verb or as an auxiliary. We can consider them as a verb in a sentence when they work lonely.
Example:
I AM a boy.
Here AM works as an auxiliary for the hidden verb BE, or we can consider AM as an separate verb, which means BE.
See the list of AUXILIARIES that can work separately in a sentence as a verb:
IS, AM, WAS, HAS, HAVE, HAD, DO, DOES, DID, BE, ARE, WERE, CAN, WILL, MAY,
See some examples:
1. I NEED your help.
2. Where ARE you now?
3. I HAVE only one pen.
4. I DID that project.
5. KEEP it up.
6. BE patient.
But these below auxiliaries cannot be used separately. They can be used with other verbs to give a meaning.
BEEN, BEING, COULD, SHALL, SHOULD WOULD, MIGHT, MUST, NEED, KEEP, KEPT, USED TO, OUGHT TO, GOING TO, DARE, NEVER
5. COMPLEMENT: This gives a sentence complete meaning. Complement in a sentence will be the answers for the interrogative questions. An adverb will always act as a complement in a sentence. Interrogative questions in a sentence such that HOW, WHY, WHERE, and WHEN, and the answers for these questions in a sentence will be the complement. This has no connection with the verb or auxiliary verb in a sentence.
Examples:
1. I am going to the temple to pray god.
In the above sentence,
I - is the subject.
Am - auxiliary verb
Going - verb
To the temple - subject
To pray god - is the complement
To pray god gives us the answer in the sentence of WHY, and to pray is an adverb, and the complement is giving a complete answer.
http://advanced-english-grammar-free-for-all.blogspot.com
1. INTERROGATIVE
2. SUBJECT
3. OBJECT
4. AUXILIARY
5. VERB
6. COMPLEMENT
We will see about each component one by one:
1. INTERROGATIVE: All sentences are in the two forms that is one may ask any question and the other may tell the answer. So one sentence will always be a question or an answer. If a sentence is a question, it should have one INTERROGATIVE part in it. Interrogative utterances are expressed in the words, such as
1. WHAT
2 WHICH
3. WHO
4. WHOM
5. WHOSE
6. WHERE
7. WHEN
8. WHY
9. HOW
10. HOW MUCH
11. HOW MANY
12. HOW LONG
13. HOW FAR
INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS: In the above list of Interrogative words WHAT, WHICH, WHO, WHOM, WHOSE, WHERE, WHEN, and WHY are called interrogative pronouns.
INTERROGATIVE ADVERBS: In the above list of Interrogative words HOW, HOW MUCH, HOW MANY, HOW LONG, and HOW FAR are called Interrogative adverbs
2. SUBJECT: HE, SHE, IT, I, WE, YOU, and THEY-these words (PRONOUN) or any NOUN in a sentence especially in the beginning of the sentence form the SUBJECT part. A SUBJECT may be single in number or multiple in number, but there is only one TRUE SUBJECT. All other parts of speech in a sentence will support the subject part. A verb or an auxiliary verb will always come after the subject. All parts of speech in a sentence will focus towards this subject only and a SUBJECT is essential for a sentence.
3. OBJECT: HE, SHE, IT, I, WE, YOU, and THEY-these words (PRONOUN) or any NOUN in a sentence especially in the end of the sentence form the OBJECT part. An OBJECT may be single in number or multiple in number, but there is only one TRUE OBJECT. All other parts of speech in a sentence will support the object part. A verb or an auxiliary verb will always come before the object. All parts of speech in a sentence will target towards it. One OBJECT is essential for a sentence.
4. AUXILIARY: This is the wife of the verb. Yes, we can say AUXILIARY is the wife of the VERB. They both always must come in a sentence. They act as one unit. Even in some sentences verb or auxiliary may come separately, but in fact in those sentences the verb or auxiliary is making it quiet while the other is talking. But they act as one unit always. We can say an auxiliary is the assistant or helper of a verb. In English language, there are 15 words can act their own and act as verbs. They have the tendency to work both, as a verb or as an auxiliary. We can consider them as a verb in a sentence when they work lonely.
Example:
I AM a boy.
Here AM works as an auxiliary for the hidden verb BE, or we can consider AM as an separate verb, which means BE.
See the list of AUXILIARIES that can work separately in a sentence as a verb:
IS, AM, WAS, HAS, HAVE, HAD, DO, DOES, DID, BE, ARE, WERE, CAN, WILL, MAY,
See some examples:
1. I NEED your help.
2. Where ARE you now?
3. I HAVE only one pen.
4. I DID that project.
5. KEEP it up.
6. BE patient.
But these below auxiliaries cannot be used separately. They can be used with other verbs to give a meaning.
BEEN, BEING, COULD, SHALL, SHOULD WOULD, MIGHT, MUST, NEED, KEEP, KEPT, USED TO, OUGHT TO, GOING TO, DARE, NEVER
5. COMPLEMENT: This gives a sentence complete meaning. Complement in a sentence will be the answers for the interrogative questions. An adverb will always act as a complement in a sentence. Interrogative questions in a sentence such that HOW, WHY, WHERE, and WHEN, and the answers for these questions in a sentence will be the complement. This has no connection with the verb or auxiliary verb in a sentence.
Examples:
1. I am going to the temple to pray god.
In the above sentence,
I - is the subject.
Am - auxiliary verb
Going - verb
To the temple - subject
To pray god - is the complement
To pray god gives us the answer in the sentence of WHY, and to pray is an adverb, and the complement is giving a complete answer.
http://advanced-english-grammar-free-for-all.blogspot.com
Professional Writing Success Secrets - Importance of Proofreading in Quality Copywriting
By Deepanjolie Figg
Trying to balance working at home with social, family and personal commitments, walking the fine line between caffeine fixes and zombie mode writing just so TAT (turn around time) is met in order to legitimately earn that respect a 'real' writer seems to have naturally enough though, with all the privileges of an orderly working environment and support services, shouldn't mean a compromise on the quality of copy you deliver. Not if you want to be taken as a committed professional.
As a freelance writer, you want to be taken just as seriously as your full in-house writing counterparts - you know the kind associated with leading magazines, newspapers, corporate report writing agencies, advertising firm favorites and web marketing writers that just seem to be on one long, happy, never-ending gravy train.
In fact, you even waste precious creative energy wondering how these guys seem to bag all the high paying projects and continue adding impressive company tags to their portfolio with diverse clips that signify their wide range of writing, if not a string of satisfied clients from all over the globe!
Well, the truth is actually pretty simple: they are not just delivering original, well researched content on a given topic, but doing a thorough job of editing with complete proofreading to ensure the client receives ready to use content!
Professional writers succeed with seemingly effortlessly delivered assignments because they maintain their focus on systematically completing a writing project. This means, not leaving any scope for further edits due to proofing mistakes.
Attention to detail is crucial to delivering error free copy and ultimately to professional writing success because of 3 reasons:
1) It ensures customer satisfaction that is a vital aspect of obtaining repeat business
2) Eliminates the need for additional proofing and editorial, saving time and money for the client
3) Boosts the reputation of the writer as a dependable and thorough professional and helps generate word of mouth business promotion, the best way to known in the business world!
This is why proofreading, though possibly not a hot favorite activity of any writer racing against a deadline, must be covered in ensuring you submit error free copy each time, in order to achieve professional freelance writing success.
So, when you are e-mailing that urgent newsletter content or even other types of time-bound writing assignments that require you send these in ASAP for meeting deadlines, it is important to take a little time out to proofread the document to ensure it isn't riddled with grammatical errors or excessive typos, which adversely affect your credibility as a professional writer.
Contact Deepanjolie Figg today to enhance your business presence online by getting yourself the quality Article Writing advantage from a professional writer focused on your online marketing success! The Write People Are Just A Click Away!
Trying to balance working at home with social, family and personal commitments, walking the fine line between caffeine fixes and zombie mode writing just so TAT (turn around time) is met in order to legitimately earn that respect a 'real' writer seems to have naturally enough though, with all the privileges of an orderly working environment and support services, shouldn't mean a compromise on the quality of copy you deliver. Not if you want to be taken as a committed professional.
As a freelance writer, you want to be taken just as seriously as your full in-house writing counterparts - you know the kind associated with leading magazines, newspapers, corporate report writing agencies, advertising firm favorites and web marketing writers that just seem to be on one long, happy, never-ending gravy train.
In fact, you even waste precious creative energy wondering how these guys seem to bag all the high paying projects and continue adding impressive company tags to their portfolio with diverse clips that signify their wide range of writing, if not a string of satisfied clients from all over the globe!
Well, the truth is actually pretty simple: they are not just delivering original, well researched content on a given topic, but doing a thorough job of editing with complete proofreading to ensure the client receives ready to use content!
Professional writers succeed with seemingly effortlessly delivered assignments because they maintain their focus on systematically completing a writing project. This means, not leaving any scope for further edits due to proofing mistakes.
Attention to detail is crucial to delivering error free copy and ultimately to professional writing success because of 3 reasons:
1) It ensures customer satisfaction that is a vital aspect of obtaining repeat business
2) Eliminates the need for additional proofing and editorial, saving time and money for the client
3) Boosts the reputation of the writer as a dependable and thorough professional and helps generate word of mouth business promotion, the best way to known in the business world!
This is why proofreading, though possibly not a hot favorite activity of any writer racing against a deadline, must be covered in ensuring you submit error free copy each time, in order to achieve professional freelance writing success.
So, when you are e-mailing that urgent newsletter content or even other types of time-bound writing assignments that require you send these in ASAP for meeting deadlines, it is important to take a little time out to proofread the document to ensure it isn't riddled with grammatical errors or excessive typos, which adversely affect your credibility as a professional writer.
Contact Deepanjolie Figg today to enhance your business presence online by getting yourself the quality Article Writing advantage from a professional writer focused on your online marketing success! The Write People Are Just A Click Away!
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)